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Rapid responses are electronic comments to the editor. They enable our users to debate issues raised in articles published on bmj.com. A rapid response is first posted online. If you need the URL (web address) of an individual response, simply click on the response headline and copy the URL from the browser window. A proportion of responses will, after editing, be published online and in the print journal as letters, which are indexed in PubMed. Rapid responses are not indexed in PubMed and they are not journal articles. The BMJ reserves the right to remove responses which are being wilfully misrepresented as published articles or when it is brought to our attention that a response spreads misinformation.

From March 2022, the word limit for rapid responses will be 600 words not including references and author details. We will no longer post responses that exceed this limit.

The word limit for letters selected from posted responses remains 300 words.

Re: Partha Kar: We need to level up all staff, not level down doctors Partha Kar. 385:doi 10.1136/bmj.q892

Dear Editor

Dr Kar has correctly mentioned in his article several of the issues affecting us trainees, as well as issues affecting the NHS itself. For many trainees, amidst all these issues, the same core feeling is shared: we do not feel valued by our NHS trusts.

One can find several anecdotes from vocal trainees which give weight to this feeling, by having a short perusal of the medical ‘corridor’ of social media. These examples range from unnecessary difficulties with trusts’ parking permit departments resulting in the receipt of parking fines on hospital grounds, to doctors’ messes which are inadequate or non-existent.(1) In addition, bullying of trainees is still present in the NHS, with a recent example of this seen within the general surgery department of a London hospital.(2)

In response to feeling undervalued, many doctors are leaving the NHS. Thousands have already left for better hospital environments abroad, and this is likely costing the NHS billions.(3) Several who have not left are strongly considering doing so, with over 75% of doctors in a recent GMC survey reporting that they feel under-valued professionally.(4)

Fortunately, trainees are gradually finding the courage to voice these feelings. Nevertheless, we welcome the help of senior colleagues like Dr Kar to amplify our voice.

NHS leaders need a robust plan to urgently address this shared core feeling, or otherwise risk a potentially continuous exodus of doctors. In the words of Charlie Massey, GMC Chief Executive, “It’s much easier to dissuade someone from leaving by acting upon concerns, than to persuade them to return.”(4)

References
1. Kar P. Partha Kar: We need to level up all staff, not level down doctors. Bmj. 2024;385:q892. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q892
2. Rimmer A. Trainees are removed from London surgery department after findings of bullying and poor supervision. Bmj. 2024;385:q906. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q906
3. Iacobucci G. Losing NHS doctors early is costing £2.4bn a year, BMA estimates. Bmj. 2024;385:q932. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q932
4. General Medical Council. Thousands of doctors could be considering leaving UK practice – new GMC research reveals what might make them stay. 2024. https://www.gmc-uk.org/news/news-archive/thousands-of-doctors-could-be-c....

Competing interests: No competing interests

26 April 2024
David T Otuonye
IMT Doctor
Chelmsford
Re: Healthcare professionals deserve support services tailored to their specific needs Zaid Al-Najjar. 385:doi 10.1136/bmj.q910

Dear Editor

It is good to see Dr Al-Najjar clearly express the challenges of supporting medical practitioners with mental health issues via the NHSE funded PHP that in my humble view does wish to strive to be a positive organisation for good, where many employees within its remit wish to provide effective systems of support, treatment and psychological safe places.

I became a consultant in 2000 in the East Midlands and over my now approaching 25 years have over 80% medical practitioner patient/client only clinics across the spectrum of undergraduate and postgraduate cases. They are becoming more complicated and expectations from all parties for quick solutions is not necessarily helpful, when the specific world of work involves other human beings, blended teams, patient safety considerations and longer waiting list pressures because of the pandemic. Let's not even mention financial well-being issues and the psycho-social challenges outside of work for healthcare staff.

It is imperative that any clinician supporting doctors and other healthcare practitioners understands the nuances and evolving case complexities with the need to deliver a balanced practitioner health perspective across the employer-employee-trainee interface. This is all with the background of the NHS long-term plan and emerging varied occupational groups undertaking interdisciplinary case mix delivery models both in primary and secondary care.

Post code lottery occupational health support for the NHS employees has been around for sometime and i suspect some of that maybe an issue for PHP as well, in its attempts to deliver best consistent practice across the UK but at least money is coming from NHSE but for how long?

The quality of occupational health skills/support within the NHS is dependent on the specific funding from the base NHS employer as there is no national budget or consistency of service delivery. This is particular so with medical undergraduate, PGDiT cases and regional pastoral support systems.

The majority of NHS trained Occupational medicine PGDiTs within the UK move to private practice or commercial organisations with only a few like Leicester attracting and retaining them within the wider NHS East Midlands region.

I have worked in a collaborative approach with PHP on a number of sensitive complex cases with several senior PHP practitioners including a number of medical directors - this approach is successful.

If you build it, they will come - they have been coming to NHS occupational health for many years even before PHP's inauguration in 2008 but where is the consistent sustainable national investment for in house quality assured NHS occupational health services? These in house services have been at the precipice of closure for many years.

Competing interests: Employed NHS as an occupational health physician since 1995; National training programme director @ National School Occupational health

26 April 2024
Harj K Kaul
Consultant Occupational Physician; Hon. Prof medical education
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; University of Leicester
Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP
Re: Health under the spotlight in India’s 2024 election Kamala Thiagarajan. 385:doi 10.1136/bmj.q844

Dear Editor

I went through with interest an article titled "Health under the spotlight in India’s 2024 election' published in the BMJ. [1] Stories are central to the Public construct and so is health. But stories need to be immutable and anomalous. The article has woven a story, which unfortunately does not tell the truth in its entirety. Therefore, it is incumbent on this journal to put the details published in the article in the correct perspective.

"Tandi", the village where the so called community medicine doctor seems to have reached as per the description given, is a part of Lahaul & Spiti district in the Himachal Pradesh state of India. The nearest health facility to "Tandi" is the regional hospital Keylong which is just 10.8 kilometers away. This health facility, located at an altitude of 3156 meters above sea level, is equipped with a labour room and conducts normal deliveries routinely.

According to the 2011 census, the Lahaul and Spiti district has a population of 31,564 with a population density of 2 inhabitants per square kilometer (5.2/sq mi) and a population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 of -5%. The district comprises two valleys, Lahaul & Spiti. The two valleys are quite different in character. Spiti is more barren and difficult to cross, with an average elevation of the valley floor of 4,270 m (14,010 ft). Despite, harsh weather, difficult geography, the district has 3 community health centers (all manned by MBBS doctors) and 15 Primary Health centers, 36 sub-health centers besides the Regional hospital at Keylong, all part of state-run health services. [2]

I am more than certain that not many similar geographies across the globe will fare well in comparison to Lahaul & Spiti in terms of health manpower and facilities.

References:
1. BMJ 2024;385:q844
2. Health Set Up--Lahaul & Spiti district. Available online at: https://hplahaulspiti.nic.in itor

Competing interests: No competing interests

26 April 2024
Sunil Kumar Raina
Professor
Dr. RP Govt. Medical College, Tanda (HP), India
Department of Community Medicine, Dr. RP Govt. Medical College, Tanda (HP), India
Re: Use of progestogens and the risk of intracranial meningioma: national case-control study Sébastien Froelich, Mahmoud Zureik, Alain Weill, et al. 384:doi 10.1136/bmj-2023-078078

Dear Editor

It is known that with aging there is a greater need for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures related to the onset of various pathologies, often with consequent exposure to ionizing radiation. Such radiation can affect the skull, even if not directly addressed to this body area, especially if specific protections are not adopted to shield ionizing emissions.

In addition, in the healthcare sector, X-rays taken for ordinary dental care must be taken into account, as they are becoming more and more numerous with advancing years.

Finally, as one of the events to which we run the risk of exposure in daily life, we contemplate radiation emitted by natural sources, such as cosmic rays (such as high-altitude air travel) or radiation from elements underground, such as Radon gas [1].

Radon gas penetrates buildings from the ground and poses a real danger to people's health if the necessary preventive measures are not put in place in homes [1].

For this reason, it is necessary to take Radon into account when certain oncological or degenerative pathological events develop, the onset of which is favored by exposure to ionizing radiation [1,2,3].

This hypothesis becomes more suggestive in the case of the presence of a particular type of cataract, called posterior subcapsular [4], which occurs due to several etiological factors, including exposure to radiant energy [5]; however, it is necessary to specify that it is not pathognomonic of this condition.

REFERENCES:
[1] World Health Organization. Radon. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/radon-and-health
[2] Corrales L, Rosell R, Cardona AF, Martín C, Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Arrieta O. Lung cancer in never smokers: The role of different risk factors other than tobacco smoking. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2020 Apr;148:102895. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102895. Epub 2020 Jan 31. PMID: 32062313.
[3] Brenner DJ, Sachs RK. Domestic radon risks may be dominated by bystander effects--but the risks are unlikely to be greater than we thought. Health Phys. 2003 Jul;85(1):103-8. doi: 10.1097/00004032-200307000-00018. PMID: 12852476.
[4] Zuccheri Gianni. Subcapsular cataract: is there radon in the building? English version. 3 April 2024. Zuccheriperlasalute
[5] Richardson RB, Ainsbury EA, Prescott CR, Lovicu FJ. Etiology of posterior subcapsular cataracts based on a review of risk factors including aging, diabetes, and ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol. 2020 Nov;96(11):1339-1361. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1812759. Epub 2020 Sep 22. PMID: 32897800.

Competing interests: No competing interests

25 April 2024
Gianni Zuccheri
Ophthalmologist
Turin ITALY
Re: Sunak is accused of “harmful” rhetoric amid plans to remove sick note responsibility from GPs Elisabeth Mahase. 385:doi 10.1136/bmj.q914

Dear Editor

Each citizen in any nation has the responsibility to work, while at the same time it is possible to suffer from various illnesses. Sick notes are necessary for patients to ask for leave with full or partial payments from employers in China. Each patient, especially with a malignant tumor, would probably need sick notes, as comprehensive treatment takes a long time, perhaps several months to a year. Without sick notes, patients might possibly be fired. Therefore sick notes are essential for patients.

As an oncologist majoring in breast cancer, I know that during the aggressive comprehensive treatments of breast cancer, including chemotherapy or radiotherapy, sick notes will be routinely signed by doctors. However, during endocrine therapy, with SERMs or AIs, sick notes are not routinely signed, and patients always ask for sick notes in the out-patient clinic.

From the view of Labor Law, work should be protected during diseases, hence sick notes are legal certification for leave with full or partial payments. Meanwhile the rights of employers should also be protected to maintain the social economical thrust. There is a gray zone of sick notes for employers and employees, and further attention to it is warranted.

Competing interests: No competing interests

25 April 2024
Yali Xu
research assistant
Peking Union Medical College Hospital
Beijing, China
Re: NHS England looks to cut back on doctors’ statutory and mandatory training Abi Rimmer. 385:doi 10.1136/bmj.q927

Dear Editor

Doctors have been troubled for years by disproportionate demands to complete repetitive mandatory training requirements which have little or no relevance to their area of clinical practice. Further, the existence of such disproportionate enforced training policy exposes doctors to potential haranguing by egoistic managers including medical directors with total disregard for the wellbeing of doctors. Hence, any attempt to reduce the burden of such disproportionate enforced training and free-up time to spend on actual patient care [1] is a welcome move which was long overdue. Probably, taxpayers are unaware of the true costs of much mandatory training both in terms of the costs of developing & delivering such training materials repeatedly and in relation to lost patient-care time.

Another disproportionate expenditure that the NHS has failed to address so far is the large sums of public funds spent on CPD activities of doctors, in addition to resulting costs due to loss of clinical hours while attending to CPD. It was reported in 2012 that revalidation of doctors which relies on annual appraisals, "will cost nearly £100m a year”[2]. Similarly, the purpose, costs and actual benefits of appraisals and revalidation have been discussed in some detail based objective evidence [3], and concerns raised as to its impact on the public purse [4]. So it’s time that NHS England urgently review the colossal cost of appraisals and reduce the disproportionate psychological burden it has imposed on doctors.

References
[1] https://www.bmj.com/content/385/bmj.q927
[2] https://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e7659
[3] https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3415
[4] https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3415/rapid-responses

Competing interests: Have written about the costs of CPD and appraisals/revalidation in the past.

23 April 2024
Jay Ilangaratne
Founder
www.medical-journals.com
Yorkshire
Re: Child health: UK must regain “lost ground,” Kingdon urges next government Gareth Iacobucci. 385:doi 10.1136/bmj.q877

Dear Editor

Kingdon paints a bleak picture of child health in the UK(1,2) and this is supported by wide-ranging evidence including the recent stark report by the Academy of Medical Sciences.(3) However, change is possible as effective interventions exist. Moreover, improving child health, will bring short- and long-term benefits to individuals, community health and the economy, and reduce potential costs to the NHS.

Our children are our future and healthy children are more likely to become healthy productive adults. Every child should have the best start in life, and health and well-being are created and sustained in the settings where children live, play and study. This includes homes, outdoors and schools. We firmly believe that creating health promoting settings will enable children to flourish.(4-6) Safe, supportive and happy childhood environments are widely understood to be crucial for a child’s development, health and wellbeing.(7)

In homes and communities, health visitors are important in providing care and support to children and their families, from the antenatal period up until age five.(8) They provide a universal service for all and for vulnerable populations targeted according to need. Key public health areas they cover include accident prevention, immunisation, healthy eating, and child development. However, there is currently a shortage of health visitors in England – their numbers need to be greatly increased.

In schools, teachers and school nurses have crucial roles to play in protecting and improving the health of young people. School nurses provide a vital and unique link between school, home, and community. Promoting good mental health, safeguarding, positive relationships and maintaining a healthy weight are just a few vital topics that they can address.(9-11) They could also play key roles in creating health promoting schools. We recommend that there is a school nurse in each school.

The outdoors and particularly green space can have a tremendous effect on children’s health and so communities should be designed with their needs in mind.(12-17) Three important foci should be play, clean air and safe and active travel. We need to increase each of these with attention to reducing inequalities in each.

As well as producing health promoting settings for all, to be successful in promoting children’s health and reducing inequalities we need to provide extra support for those most in need including marginalised groups, such as youth offenders and refugees. In addition, we need to advocate on important but under highlighted and poorly resourced issues, such as accident prevention, access to the arts, female genital mutilation, homelessness, and physical activity.

The provision of training and support for Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) in schools is also vital to prevent widening inequalities, with inclusion policies and equal opportunities needed to enable progression to healthy, thriving adults. However, an alarming number of suspensions and exclusions across year groups involve SEND.(18) Resources for in-class support, working alongside school nurses and the wider school community are needed urgently.

The health of the whole school community could also be improved by reversing declining curriculum time for both arts and physical education in schools.(19,20) Although these subjects have intrinsic benefits, a well-rounded education can also produce significant positive impacts on academic and social development.

Every child has the right to a safe and healthy childhood,(21) and it is unacceptable that the UK, the sixth richest nation, is failing to provide this. A shift in focus must prioritise the health of children in a ‘child health in all policies’ approach. With appropriate ambition, the current decline in child health could be reversed, leading to a healthier future for all our children, and with enormous returns for society as a whole.

References
1) Iacobucci G. Child health: UK must regain “lost ground,” Kingdon urges next government BMJ 2024; 385 :q877 doi:10.1136/bmj.q877
https://www.bmj.com/content/385/bmj.q877

2) Iacobucci G. Paediatricians call for new cabinet level position of children’s minister BMJ 2024; 385 :q882 doi:10.1136/bmj.q882
https://www.bmj.com/content/385/bmj.q882

3) Academy of Medical Sciences. Prioritising early childhood to promote the nation’s health, wellbeing and prosperity. Feb 2024. London: Academy of Medical Sciences, 2024.

4) World Health Organisation. Health Promoting Schools. An Effective Approach to Early Action on Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors. WHO/NMH/PND/17.3. 2017.
https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/255625/WHO-NMH-PND-17.3-eng....

5) Watson M C, Lloyd J. Creating health promoting schools will improve population health and help reduce inequalities BMJ 2021; 373 :n1290 doi:10.1136/bmj.n1290
https://www.bmj.com/content/373/bmj.n1290

6) Baybutt M, Kokko S, eds. A handbook on settings-based health promotion. Cham: Springer, 2022.

7) British Medical Association. Supporting a healthy childhood. The need for greater investment in services in England. London: British Medical Association, 2020.

8) Institute of Health Visiting. What is a health visitor? (Accessed 20/04/24)
https://ihv.org.uk/for-health-visitors/what-is-a-health-visitor/

9) Watson M C, Lloyd J. Children’s mental health: the UK government needs to be far more ambitious BMJ 2021; 372 :n573 doi:10.1136/bmj.n573
https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n573.full

10) Local Government Association. School nursing: looking after the health and wellbeing of school children. 14 Jul 2022.
https://www.local.gov.uk/publications/school-nursing-looking-after-healt...

11) Sutton S and White S. The role of the school nurse in the UK: where are we now? Paediatrics and Child Health,2024; 34(3), 99 - 103
https://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/article/S1751-7222(23)00213-5/abstract#:~:text=The%20advancement%20of%20educational%20programmes,for%20children%20and%20young%20people.

12) Muñoz S-A. Children in the Outdoors A literature review. Forres: Sustainable Development Research Centre, 2009.

13) Brussoni M, Gibbons R, Gray C, Ishikawa T, Sandseter EBH, Bienenstock A, Chabot G, Fuselli P, Herrington S, Janssen I, et al. What is the Relationship between Risky Outdoor Play and Health in Children? A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(6):6423-6454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120606423
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/6/6423

14) Lambert A, Vlaar J, Herrington S, Brussoni M. What Is the Relationship between the Neighbourhood Built Environment and Time Spent in Outdoor Play? A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(20):3840. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203840
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/20/3840

15) Watson M C, Neil K E. Prioritise health of children and young people by promoting both safe and active travel BMJ 2023; 380 :p49 doi:10.1136/bmj.p49
https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj.p49#:~:text=and%20active%20travel-,P...

16) House of Commons Health and Social Care Committee. Prevention in health and social care: healthy places. HC 484. London: House of Commons, 2024.
https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5804/cmselect/cmhealth/484/repor...

17) House of Commons Levelling Up, Housing and Communities Committee. Children, young people and the built environment Inquiry. (Accessed 20/04/24)
https://committees.parliament.uk/work/7981/children-young-people-and-the...

18) Chance UK. Too young to leave behind. The long-term negative impact of exclusions and suspensions in primary school. Executive Summary | April 2024.
London: Chance UK, 2024.

19) Ofsted. Research and analysis. Research review series: art and design. Published 22 February 2023. (Accessed 20/04/24)
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/research-review-series-art-an...

20) Youth Sport Trust. Fall in number of hours of PE delivered in schools poses threat to wellbeing. (Accessed 20/04/24)
https://www.youthsporttrust.org/news-listings/news/fall-in-number-of-hou...

21) United Nations. Convention on the rights of the child 1989. Treaty no. 27531. United Nations Treaty Series, New York: United Nations, 1989; 1577, pp. 3-178.
https://www.unicef.org.uk/what-we-do/un-convention-child-rights/

Competing interests: No competing interests

23 April 2024
Michael Craig Watson
Trustee, Institute of Health Promotion and Education.
Dr Karen E. Neil, Trustee, Institute of Health Promotion and Education.
Institute of Health Promotion and Education, 2nd Floor, Fairbank House, 27 Ashley Road, Altrincham, Cheshire, WA14 2DP. http://ihpe.org.uk/
Re: Antenatal corticosteroids for maturity of term or near term fetuses: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Gabriele Saccone, Vincenzo Berghella. 355:doi 10.1136/bmj.i5044

Dear Editor,

We are writing in response to the concerns raised regarding our published meta-analysis titled " Antenatal corticosteroids for maturity of term or near term fetuses: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials BMJ 2016;355:i5044." We appreciate the opportunity to address these issues and provide clarification and scientific integrity on this specific topic.

The administration of steroids to pregnant individuals at risk of preterm delivery has been a cornerstone in the management of preterm births, aiming to reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome and other complications associated with prematurity. However, the efficacy of this intervention for late preterm newborns is a matter of debate, with conflicting findings from different trials. Moreover, the benefits of steroid administration must be carefully balanced with emerging data regarding the safety of such interventions in terms of long term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The importance of well- conducted comprehensive meta-analyses is therefore crucial to synthesize the available evidence and provide clinicians and policymakers adequate evidence.

In our meta-analysis, we synthesized data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to provide effect measure of efficacy and safety of antenatal steroid administration in late preterm births. However, we acknowledge that the reliability and validity of meta-analytic findings heavily depend on the quality and integrity of the included studies.

Recent developments have highlighted the necessity of upholding rigorous standards of data integrity and transparency in scientific research. We recognize the impact of retractions on the validity of meta-analysis findings and the potential implications for clinical practice. Therefore, we have undertaken a thorough reassessment of our meta-analysis in light of the retraction of two of the included trials.

To ensure the accuracy and reliability of our findings, a third blinded author independently performed data extraction and recalculated the effect measure for the main outcomes. This rigorous approach aimed to mitigate any potential biases and discrepancies.

The recalculated analysis revealed notable differences in the overall risk estimates and effect sizes compared to our initial findings. Specifically, results showed no significant differences for overall risk of RDS, Mild RDS, transient tachypnoea of the newborn, mechanical ventilation, Apgar Score at 1’, Apgar score at 5’ in disagreement with the previously calculated effect measure. The reanalysis confirmed an overall reduction in likelihood of Severe RDS, use of surfactant, time on oxygen, maximum inspired oxygen concentration, length of stay in the NICU and neonatal hypoglycemia.

Moving forward, it is imperative for the scientific community to remain vigilant in monitoring the integrity of research findings and to promptly address any discrepancies or retractions that may arise. Transparency, accountability, and collaboration are paramount in ensuring the reliability and validity of evidence derived from metanalysis.

In conclusion, we appreciate the opportunity to address the concerns raised regarding our meta-analysis on antenatal steroid administration in late preterm births. By upholding rigorous standards of data integrity and transparency, we aim to contribute to the advancement of evidence-based practice and improve outcomes for mothers and infants. We would be happy to submit an article with the detailed, updated data.

Sincerely,

Fabrizio Zullo, MD
Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy

Gabriele Saccone, MD PhD
Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

Vincenzo Berghella, MD
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia

Competing interests: No competing interests

23 April 2024
Fabrizio Zullo
PGY4 Resident
Gabriele Saccone, MD PhD (Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy), Vincenzo Berghella, MD (Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia)
Sapienza University of Rome
Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma RM Italy
Re: Bridging the equity gap towards inclusive artificial intelligence in healthcare diagnostics See Chai Carol Chan, Ana Luisa Neves, Azeem Majeed, Aldo Faisal. 384:doi 10.1136/bmj.q490

Dear Editor

Thank you for highlighting the critical role of trust between patients and doctors, particularly within marginalized groups. The existing reluctance and/or mistrust among these groups to engage with healthcare systems, further complicated by AI integration, risks widening the health equity gap. I agree that initiatives aimed at patient empowerment, transparency, and improved communication are essential to not only strengthen relationships, but to also ensure better integration of healthcare innovations.

Competing interests: No competing interests

23 April 2024
See Chai Carol Chan
Academic GP Trainee
Imperial College London
Re: Bridging the equity gap towards inclusive artificial intelligence in healthcare diagnostics See Chai Carol Chan, Ana Luisa Neves, Azeem Majeed, Aldo Faisal. 384:doi 10.1136/bmj.q490

Dear Editor

I appreciate the thoughtful rapid response to our article on Bridging the Equity gap with AI in Healthcare Diagnostics. I very strongly agree the term ‘BAME’ and similar categorisations do not capture the complex interplay of individual health needs and societal factors. It is important that we address the social determinants of health and avoid oversimplification in data categorisation.

The point raised about having multi-stakeholder approach in AI development and evaluation also resonates deeply with us. It is imperative that those directly affected by AI innovations, including patients and healthcare professionals, are central to the process.

Competing interests: No competing interests

23 April 2024
See Chai Carol Chan
Academic GP Trainee
Imperial College London

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